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Contents
Detailed History of Tower of London | Timeline, Events, & More
History of the Tower of London explained
1066: Initiation of the Tower of London
Following his victory, William the Conqueror strategically chose the Thames riverside for a powerful fortress, marking the genesis of the Tower of London as a symbol of Norman control.
1078-1100: Construction of the White Tower
Under William's direction, the White Tower, a 90-foot structure, was built from Caen stone and Kentish ragstone. It housed royal residences, a military stronghold, and the Chapel of St. John.
1190-1200: Addition of Bell Tower
The Bell Tower (later the Bowyer Tower) was constructed at the southwest corner, providing an elevated vantage point for archers and a belfry. It also served as prisoner accommodation and gunpowder storage.
1240: Installation of stained glass windows
The installation of stained glass windows in the Chapel of St. John transformed the space. Depictions of biblical scenes underscored its role as a royal place of worship and a symbol of the monarchy's divine authority.
1296-1299: Imprisonment of John Balliol
The imprisonment of John Balliol, King of Scotland, by Edward I highlights the Tower's function as a high-security political prison for defeated rulers during a period of intense Anglo-Scottish conflict.
1536: Execution of Anne Boleyn
The execution of Queen Anne Boleyn on Tower Green, accused of treason, remains a poignant event. Her fate within the Tower's walls illustrates the volatile nature of Tudor court politics and the monarch's absolute power.
1696-1699: Newton’s monetary reforms
Isaac Newton's tenure as Master of the Royal Mint marked economic reform. His implementation of the Great Recoinage and introduction of machine-minted coins aimed to combat counterfeiting.
1914-1916: Tower's role in national security
During World War I, the Tower served as a location for the execution of German spies, including one of the most notorious ones, Carl Hans Lody. This role emphasized the Tower's continued importance to national security.
1988: Designation as a UNESCO Site
The Tower of London's designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site acknowledged its historical significance, its influential Norman and later military architecture, and its enduring place as a key British landmark.
The Tower of London today
The Tower of London stands proudly today as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, attracting more than three million curious visitors yearly! Once a royal palace and prison, this historic fortress, built by William the Conqueror, now boasts treasures like the Crown Jewels and the captivating White Tower. Guided by the charming "Beefeaters," you can now experience history firsthand while witnessing living traditions, such as the Opening Ceremony, ensuring its legacy lives on!
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Frequently Asked Questions about Tower of London history
How old is the Tower of London?
The Tower of London is over nine centuries old.
Why is it called the "Tower of London"?
The term "Tower of London" refers to the entire historic complex, but it specifically highlights the central structure known as the White Tower, which serves as the site's iconic symbol.
When was the first recorded execution at the Tower?
The first recorded execution at the Tower of London took place in 1483 when William Hastings was executed. However, it's important to note that many executions had occurred at the Tower prior to this event.
How many executions took place at the Tower?
Approximately 22 executions have been documented within the Tower of London, with Anne Boleyn's execution on May 19, 1536, standing out as one of the most notable events in its history.
When did the Tower stop being used as a prison?
The Tower of London ceased to be used as a prison after 1952, marking the end of its role in incarceration.
What happened to the Crown Jewels during WWII?
During World War II, the Crown Jewels were concealed for safekeeping to shield them from potential bombings. This precaution ensured that these priceless symbols of British heritage remained protected amid the turmoil of war.
How has the Tower’s function changed over time?
Originally constructed as a formidable fortress and royal residence, the Tower of London has undergone significant transformations throughout its history. It later served as a prison and treasury, reflecting its evolving role in British governance.
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